Social, political and economic conditions which contributed to the rise of the New Right

The New Right became dominant in America’s politics in the late 1970s and early 1980s. The mid-1970s marked a slow transformation of politics and many aspects of America’s history. These included the new right, the new religious right and conservatism of the corporate arena. The new right was not embraced immediately; it triggered a lot of opposition.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Social, political and economic conditions which contributed to the rise of the New Right specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The mid 1970s was a central point for conservatism. The cold war liberalism transformed America by ensuring that America’s leadership was not compromised. This conservatism combined the political and social economic resources of America to achieve the objectives (Sigelman 839-851). During the early 1960s, 2 cities located approximately 700 miles away from each other in the areas that were famou s for rice farming were most affected during the Vietnam War in the US. These are Danang and Hue which are densely populated cities (Addington 2). In the1970s and 1980s, although the cold war came to a halt in America, the issues that triggered the conflicts continued being the centre of confusion and controversies in America. It reached a point that America stopped to worry and began to love the atomic bomb. This may be due to the issue of development positive long term effects of the atomic technology (Addington ix). Fears of more atomic bombs being released existed in the U.S. This was especially after the American government, according to reports in the early 1990s, unveiled radioactive substances as a form of scientific experiments. One of the experiments conducted by the government involved giving foods that contained radioactive substances to several teenagers. This was to investigate the digestion process of the human body. Such experiments raised controversies in the countr y. These, among other issues, continue being a cause of worry for the American citizens, decades after the end of the war (Addington 200). Therefore, life in America changed after the new right policies came to be. The new right polices caused great cultural alterations to the Americans in regards to living with the aftermath of the atomic bombs and the impacts of the war. The technological advancements effects were also felt in the country. People could now discover weapons and other crucial equipment that could be used in other wars as defensive measures against their enemies. Some equipment could also be used for hunting purposes.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More One of the major factors that contributed to the rise of the new right is the rise of the technology of printing in America. This issue enabled Americans to effectively disseminate important information in the forms of pamphl ets and publications. Thus, according to Albert Einstein, the atomic bomb transformed all things on earth except for man’s nature. The Nagasaki and Hiroshima bombings further elaborate the pace of these atomic bombs in America. By the 1980s, Americans began accepting and absorbing the revolution of the new right policies, into the culture of America. This meant that the cultures, values and expectations of the Americans were transformed greatly. Americans slowly began to understand and appreciate the politics and technological benefits of the atomic era (Addington xvi-xix). The many crisis and conflicts that were rampant in America also led to the rise of the right. This involved the declining economy of America, the high rates of domestic conflicts in Americans’ families and radical societal movements that criticized the features of the society of America. Another aspect was the increasing demands of Americans that outran the available resources in America. These issu es eroded the confidence of Americans, leading to a need for a change. Any possible alternatives were welcome (Margot 400-451). Although at that point America could view the culture as one that was armed with security (due to the fact that new weapons could be formed), there were aspects of chaos, confusion, controversies and split ideas that existed after the new policies. There was now a culture of atomic consensus in America. The war had evidently caused disintegration or a split in the cultures of Americans. Thus, at first, there was immorality, insecurity, insanity and people rebelling. Signs of danger, corruption, and alienation could also be felt. The old culture and ideological age in America came to an end with this rise of the new right era. This old age was the era where the laissez faire system of governance existed. A new era of a mixed economy, a system of decentralization and political pluralism was gradually being felt in America. This end of ideology in America is w hat is referred to as the rise of the new right. Moreover, the new right disrupted the political and cultural life and social aspects of America. The politics of America needed to change. The need for Political values that were not concerned with the interests of materialistic goals triggered the move to the new right. It was time that America practiced politics that embraced all the values and interests of all American citizens. Many activist groups joined efforts to support the new right. Another aspect that led to the rise of the new right is the citizens’ need for transition to new socioeconomic and cultural ranks. Everyone was optimistic that these new ranks were possible if the new right existed. This was Americans’ silent cry of suffering (Sigelman 839-851).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Social, political and economic conditions which contributed to the rise of the New Right specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The new right also led to a new group of elites, who had credible professional and technological knowledge. The right fought for the rise of modernity. Modernity meant adverse forces that could change the politics, culture, economies and social aspects of America. After the rise of these new policies, the capitalist system was also transformed and stabilized. Monopoly was eating up America. Thus, there was a need for change. The government regulated the social welfare of Americans and the economy. Collective bargaining was also regulated. Embracing this reformed capitalist system would mean a rise to an America that is rational, results-oriented and reasonable (Sigelman 839-851). The government provided social insurance services as a way of transformation. This included sponsorships of development projects in suburban areas and also development of facilities in public hospitals. The cost of labor was also reduced. All these aspects reduced the government expenditu res and increased revenues. New businesses and corporations also emerged; the electorate and the elites were realigned. The New Religious Right led to the emergence of evangelism that transformed the moral standards and social orders of America. Abortion issues were abolished and modernization adopted. Thus, the traditional methods of religion became a thing of the past. Despite there being expressions of anger, despair and anxiety, the citizens were ready to embrace Cultural Revolution that resulted from the new right. Black humor participated a lot in this revolution. This is the movies, theatre, music and literature that were referred as the popular culture (Sigelman 839-851). An example of the weapons arising from the technological advancements in America is the boat described in San Francisco in Wolfe, Tom’s book. Also, the neon martini glasses in a truck and a pistol in the hands of an Indian lady as described in the book. The discussion shows that people’s ideas and perceptions were changed from following a certain direction towards following another beneficial one. Transition was initially hard, but with time, people were able to embrace changes (Wolfe 18-100). In the book ‘there are No Children Here’, there’s a sad account of two young boys, Lafayette Rivers and Pharoah, his younger brother that thrived in harsh conditions in a Henry Horner Homes Chicago’s housing project. The two were around 12 years and 9, in 1985. The ghetto was surrounded by high crime rates, poverty, drug abuse, and negligence yet the young ones struggled to survive.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Lafayette struggled by trying to make himself an automaton, playing the stern father figure of the family. This meant that he was a source of security for the family. Pharoah struggled by beating all odds and excelling in school. The book and the lives of these struggling boys changed the perspectives of Americans on life’s issues. It is evident that the social lives and conditions can be harsh and poor but the people must be willing to change. The boys’ struggles with the harsh neighborhood explain the transformation in the schools, the courts systems and the rehabilitation centers in America. Their life is an inspiration that despite the many bad things that happened in the 1980s era, it is possible to survive. This helped to change the perception of life by the Americans (Kotlowitz 300-336). Works Cited Addington, Larry .America’s War in Vietnam: A Short Narrative History. USA; Indiana University Press. 2000; 1-210. Web. Kotlowitz, Alex. There Are No Children Here: the Story of Two Boys Growing up in the Other America. USA; Knopf Doubleday. 1992; 1-336. Print. Margot, Henriksen. Dr. Strangelove’s America:Â  Society and Culture in the Atomic Age. London; England .University of California Press. 1997; 1-451. Web. Sigelman, Lee. Two Reagans? Genre Imperatives, Ghostwriters, and Presidential Personality Profiling. 2002; 839-851. Print. Wolfe, Tom. The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test. New York. Farrar, Straus Giroux, 1968; 1-224. Library of Congress. Web. This essay on Social, political and economic conditions which contributed to the rise of the New Right was written and submitted by user Pa1ge to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

10 Ways to Maximize Research at the Courthouse or Archives

10 Ways to Maximize Research at the Courthouse or Archives The process of researching your family tree will eventually lead you to a courthouse, library, archives or other repository of original documents and published sources. The day-to-day joys and hardships of your ancestors’ lives can often be found documented among the numerous original records of the local court, while the library may contain a wealth of information on their community, neighbors and friends. Marriage certificates, family histories, land grants, military rosters and a wealth of other genealogical clues are tucked away in folders, boxes, and books just waiting to be discovered. Before heading for the courthouse or library, however, it helps to prepare. Try these 10 tips for planning your visit and maximizing your results. 1. Scout the Location The first, and most important, step in onsite genealogy research is learning which government most likely had jurisdiction over the area in which your ancestors lived during the time they lived there. In many places, especially in the United States, this is the county or county equivalent (e.g. parish, shire). In other areas, the records may be found housed in town halls, probate districts or other jurisdictional authorities. Youll also have to bone up on changing political and geographical boundaries to know who actually had jurisdiction over the area where your ancestor lived for the time period youre researching, and who has current possession of those records. If your ancestors lived near the county line, you may find them documented among the records of the adjoining county. While a bit uncommon, I actually have an ancestor whose land straddled the county lines of three counties, making it necessary for me to routinely check the records of all three counties (and their parent co unties!) when researching that particular family. 2. Who Has the Records? Many of the records youll need, from vital records to land transactions, are likely to be found at the local courthouse. In some cases, however, the older records may have been transferred to a state archives, local historical society, or other repository. Check with members of the local genealogical society, at the local library, or online through resources such as the Family History Research Wiki or GenWeb  to learn where the records for your location and time period of interest might be found. Even within the courthouse, different offices usually hold different types of records, and may maintain different hours and even be located in different buildings. Some records may also be available in multiple locations, as well, in microfilm or printed form. For U.S. research, The Handybook for Genealogists or Red Book: American State, County and Town Sources, both include state-by-state and county-by-county lists of which offices hold which records. You may also want to explore WPA Hist orical Records Survey inventories, if available for your locality, to identify other potential records. 3. Are the Records Available? You dont want to plan a trip halfway across the country only to find that the records you seek were destroyed in a courthouse fire in 1865. Or that the office stores the marriage records in an offsite location, and they need to be requested in advance of your visit. Or that some of the county record books are being repaired, microfilmed, or are otherwise temporarily unavailable. Once youve determined the repository and records you plan to research, it is definitely worth the time to call to make sure the records are available for research. If the original record you seek is no longer extant, check the Family History Library Catalog to see if the record is available on microfilm. When I was told by a North Carolina county deed office that Deed Book A had been missing for some time, I was still able to access a microfilmed copy of the book through my local Family History Center. 4. Create a Research Plan As you enter the doors of a courthouse or library, its tempting to want to jump into everything at once. There usually arent enough hours in the day, however, to research all records for all of your ancestors in one short trip. Plan your research before you go, and youll be less tempted by distractions and less likely to miss important details. Create a checklist with names, dates and details for each record you plan to research in advance of your visit, and then check them off as you go. By focusing your search on just a few ancestors or a few record types, youll be more likely to achieve your research goals. 5. Time Your Trip Before you visit, you should always contact the courthouse, library or archives to see if there are any access restrictions or closures which may affect your visit. Even if their website includes operating hours and holiday closures, it is still best to confirm this in person. Ask if there are any limits on the number of researchers, if you have to sign up in advance for microfilm readers, or if any courthouse offices or special library collections maintain separate hours. It also helps to ask if there are certain times which are less busy than others. Next 5 More Tips for Your Courthouse Visit Research Tips 1-5 6. Learn the Lay of the Land Each genealogical repository you visit is going to be slightly different - whether its a different layout or setup, different policies and procedures, different equipment, or a different organizational system. Check the facilitys website, or with other genealogists who utilize the facility, and familiarize yourself with the research process and procedures before you go. Check the card catalog online, if it is available, and compile a list of the records you want to research, along with their call numbers. Ask if there is a reference librarian who specializes in your specific area of interest, and learn what hours he/she will be working. If records youll be researching use a certain type of index system, such as the Russell Index, then it helps to familiarize yourself with it before you go. 7. Prepare for Your Visit Courthouse offices are often small and cramped, so it is best to keep your belongings to a minimum. Pack a single bag with a notepad, pencils, coins for the photocopier and parking, your research plan and checklist, a brief summary of what you already know about the family, and a camera (if allowed). If you plan to take a laptop computer, make sure that you have a charged battery, because many repositories do not provide electrical access (some do not allow laptops). Wear comfortable, flat shoes, as many courthouses don’t offer tables and chairs, and you may spend a lot of time on your feet. 8. Be Courteous Respectful Staff members at archives, courthouses and libraries are generally very helpful, friendly people, but they are also very busy trying to do their job. Respect their time and avoid pestering them with questions not specifically related to research in the facility or hold them hostage with tales about your ancestors. If you have a genealogy how-to question or trouble reading a particular word that just cant wait, it is usually better to ask another researcher (just dont pester them with multiple questions either). Archivists also greatly appreciate researchers who refrain from requesting records or copies just before closing time! 9. Take Good Notes Make Plenty of Copies While you may take the time to reach a few on-site conclusions about the records you find, it is usually best to take everything home with you where you have more time to examine it thoroughly for every last detail. Make photocopies of everything, if possible. If copies arent an option, then take the time to make a transcription or abstract, including misspellings. On each photocopy, make note of the complete source for the document. If you have time, and money for copies, it can also be helpful to make copies of the complete index for your surname(s) of interest for certain records, such as marriages or deeds. One of them may later make an appearance in your research 10. Concentrate on the Unique Unless the facility is one you can easily access on a regular basis, it is often beneficial to begin your research with the parts of its collection that arent easily available elsewhere. Concentrate on original records that havent been microfilmed, family papers, photograph collections, and other unique resources. At the Family History Library in Salt Lake City, for example, many researchers begin with the books as they are generally not available on loan, while the microfilms can be borrowed through your local Family History Center, or sometimes viewed online. Sources Eichholz, Alice (Editor). Red Book: American State, County Town Sources. 3rd Revised edition, Ancestry Publishing, June 1, 2004. Hansen, Holly (Editor). The Handybook for Genealogists: United States of America. 11th Edition, Revised edition, Everton Pub, February 28, 2006.

What mitigating factors contribute to juveniles being charged as Research Paper

What mitigating factors contribute to juveniles being charged as adults - Research Paper Example 15-16). This procedure is based on the assumption that juveniles require help and reformation to grow into responsible citizens of the country and must receive such assistance instead of punishment. This is also because children or young adults will lose highly valuable time that they could have been spending in gaining a proper education and other healthy activities essential for their future livelihood serving prison time. Hence, under such circumstances, juveniles are given shorter prison terms or more flexible punishments compared to adults who are held fully accountable for their actions and crimes and are kept in proper state prisons rather than rehabilitation centers (Torbet, pp. 20-22). Moreover, adult prisons may have certain problems within them, which include sexual offences, use of drugs, harsh treatment, and exposure to many evils in society, which is not a suitable environment for someone of a tender age. It is likely to do them more harm than good to expose them to such aspects of adult prisons and allow them full interaction with adult prisoners that are likely to have a highly negative impact upon their unripe brains and personalities. Juveniles who are exposed to such aspects may receive psychological shock or may be fully harassed in adult prisons, which would completely ruin their chances at a normal life in the future. Usually, juveniles receive less punishment for smaller crimes such as theft or use of drugs and other such offenses. They usually confront punishments, such as community service, attendance of rehabilitation centers, or sent to juvenile delinquent prisons for a short period. They may also undergo periods of probation or other terms to serve sentences or to report their progress as responsible citizens of the country (Steinberg & Scott, pp. 1009-1013). While such procedures are encouraged to promote future well-being of the child/young adult and to give them a fair opportunity at living normal and healthy