Murder of Emmett Till Essay Example for Free

Murder of Emmett Till Essay Emmett Till was a fourteen year old boy who lived in Chicago. He was very outgoing and friendly with everyone he met. After his uncle, Moses (Moh-ss) Wright, came up to visit, he took Emmett and his cousin down to Money, Mississippi. Before he left, his mother informed him that life is very, very different for blacks in the South and the way he acted at home could not be the same as how he acted down there. He didn’t believe her warnings. As Emmett and his mother got to the train station Emmett ran for the train in haste as to not miss his ride. Mamie Till, his mother, yelled to him â€Å"Emmett, aren’t you gonna say good bye? What if I never see you again?† Emmett said, â€Å"Awhh mama.† Then he gave her a kiss on the cheek and handed her his watch so that she had part of him while he was away. She asked about his father’s ring and he said he was, â€Å"going to show it off to the boys† and was on his way without regard to his mother’s warnings. Money, Mississippi was just a stretch of road with a post office on one end and Bryant’s Grocery and Meat Market at the other. Bryant’s sold cool drinks to passing field workers and candy to the neighborhood children. So African Americans were often regulars. As Mamie had said, the south was like a whole other world compared to Chicago. In the south, when a white woman would walk down the sidewalk and a black man was walking towards her, he would have to get off the sidewalk and look at the ground because a black male can never look a white woman in the eyes. Blacks weren’t even allowed to enter through the front doors of white businesses. Moses Wright worked on a field picking cotton. He lived in a small shack on the plantation that he worked for. There were only three small rooms in the shack so everyone squeezed in to the available beds. Emmett had to sleep with his cousin in one room; Moses was in another and in the other room, Wheeler Parker, Emmett’s close cousin and the others. While there Emmet and his cousins would help Moses in the field. On August 24, the boys drove into town from the field and went in to Bryant’s Grocery to get candy and drinks. Emmett went in and purchased two cents worth of bubble gum and on the way out turned back to Carolyn Bryant, the wife of the owner of Bryant’s Grocery, and whistled to her. She was furious and ran out to chase the boys, so they got in the car and drove off to their uncle’s house. While driving home Emmett begged his cousins not to tell Moses of the events that occurred. After three days, the boys forgot about the whole scenario. On the fourth night, at about 2:30 am while everyone lay asleep in bed, Roy Bryant, Carolyn’s husband, and his brother J.W. Milam broke into the house. They went into the first room to find Moses sleeping and woke him, shinning a flashlight in his eye and holding a rifle to his head and asked where Emmett was. Moses pleads for them to leave the boy alone but they did not listen and went into Emmett’s room and kidnapped him. Days went by with no word, so as does most blacks when someone goes missing, they started to check around the Tallahassee River, to try to find his body. Days later, a young man fishing in the Tallahatchie reported Emmett’s body floating in the nearby weeds. When Moses went to identify the body, the only way he could verify that it was Emmett, was by his father’s ring that was on his finger. Both men were arrested and set to be tried in the Tallahatchie County Court in September of 1955 for the murder of Emmett Till. The friends of Roy Bryant and J.W. Milam as well as other white families collected money to buy every lawyer they could for the two. When it came to the trial the defenses main strategy was that the body could not be identified as Emmett Till. They claimed that Roy Bryant and J.W. Milam let him go alive. Any Black people that came forward with information for the prosecution mysteriously disappeared so most remained neutral to avoid having the same fate. The two men were acquitted and set free, Mamie Till sent to higher courts and even President Eisenhower, who all refused to investigate further. After the trail Roy Bryant and J.W. Milam sold their story about what they did to Look Magazine. They made Emmett carry a 75-pound cotton-gin fan to the bank of the Tallahatchie River and ordered him to take off his clothes. They beat him nearly to death, gouged out his eye, shot him in the head, and then threw his body in; with the cotton-gin fan tie around his neck with barbed wire, his body sank into the river. After the story was published and the government did nothing about it, Mamie Till and All African Americans in America, realized the magnitude of their predicament. They knew that their rights as humans were at risk. Thus, the murder of Emmett Till became renowned as the spark that began the Civil Rights Movement.

The Ideology of Scientology and Kabbala :: Religion Scientology Kabbala Religious Essays

The Ideology of Scientology and Kabbala A leader of the Church of Scientology, L. Ron Hubbard, once wrote, â€Å"A culture is only as great as its dreams, and its dreams are dreamed by artists (3).† Alternative religions have had a dramatic impact on today’s culture. In the past few years, Hollywood has become â€Å"the cast of religious fads (2).† Many famous people such as Madonna, Roseanne, and Courtney Love have become products of the alternative religion, Kabbalahism. Others like John Travolta and Tom Cruise are well known, devote Scientologists. These two religions, Kabbalahism and Scientology have been the leading alternative religions and the cultural phenomenon of the 90’s. Our culture, Hollywood especially, has seen the biggest impact of this new phenomenon through the media. Christianity has very defined principles. They believe in one god who is an all knowing, all loving, all forgiving, and perfect being. Jesus sacrificed his life on the cross for our sins. They believe we must live our lives striving to be Christ in hope that our souls will live in eternity, Heaven. Kabbalahism, too, states that individuals must always try to walk the way of the Creator, be attached to him and all one’s thoughts should be in regard to him. Yet, Kabbalahists question the â€Å"Divine force.† Kabbalahists do not believe in an opposing evil force to God, or as they call it, â€Å"sitra achrah.† They believe all that we experience, both good and evil, is a direct result of the Creator. Kabbalahists feel that if God is the divine force whom created us all then why does he not show himself to us (1). Their belief is that life would be much easier if the Creator was visible in every way. Any doubts we once held of his existence would diminish, and we would realize the reason of our creation. We would be able to see his reactions to any of our negative mannerisms or behaviors. Our questions of why he causes our troubles would be answered and we would be able to change ourselves in accordance to do his will and get on the path to eternity. Through this visual perception of the Creator, we would be able to live by his example. There would not be a need for educators.

Obtaining a Sustainable Society

There is a time where people wonder what the world is going to come to. Is there going to be a time where we run out of resources, or will we run out of room and become over populated? It is natural to wonder these types of questions. So we as humans need to come up with a solution on how we can maintain what we have now before it is gone and we have no future to look forward to. By doing this we can ensure that our children and our children’s children. In order to obtain a population that can be sustained, whether you live in an over populated area or you live in low population where no one wants to have children. There needs to be some kind of order established to control population anywhere. A country such as Italy has low birth rates; in order to bring them back up incentives need to be put in place to insure that people will want to have children. Another country with a problem with low birth rates is Germany. Us as a world need to find some kind of happy medium, where the policies are not to strict for people with lots of children and not as lenient and glorious to those who only have one. There are many ways Italy and Germany can bring up their population, offer more incentives to married couples that want to have more children. You might want to offer cheaper health care. Cheaper or no cost health care would be ideal for just about anyone. It think this could be the best and the worst thing to do. There would have to be strict rules and regulations upon receiving this type of health care. Free or little no cost health care, would need to be monitored for fraud and so some people could not purposely repopulate without concern for over population. Some people may even have children just knowing of all the benefits they will receive. I think that is just wrong. Another way to be able to raise birth rates would be to abolish abortions, nless it was going to be a medically necessary. I know a few people that would use abortion just as birth control and that is wrong. Not only are you killing God’s master piece, but you are disgusting. In my honest opinion, I think that abortion needs to be looked at more carefully in our own country. I think that there should be a medical reason to why someone may or may not need an abortion. There are struggling couples and countries that want to have children, and then you have the people who use it just because they are not ready or may be too young. Another thing to avoid low birth rates in Italy and Germany would be to make sure married couples make time to procreate. I know that sounds vial and a little bit forward but, if couples can’t make time to take care of their personal lives then how can you make a population grow. Sure there is the use of sperm banks and the use of fertility drugs but, nothing compares to good old fashion procreation. Not having time to reproduce can be affected by a decreasing in the economy and in the loss of jobs. I am not sure how the job market is over in Germany or Italy but, here it’s a little on the slow side. In conclusion, there are so many different reasons why a country will have low birth rates. Any one of these reasons can make any city or country crumble. I think that every man and woman should do their part to repopulate. I also think that certain people don’t need to have any more children. Like for instance, a person who has three to four children should not be able to receive assistance for all those children. In a highly populated area, a person should only receive benefits for a certain number of children. For a country with low birth rates, certain incentives should apply to a couple that wants to have more children.

Allelic Variation in BRCA Genes Could Be the Key to...

Allelic Variation in BRCA Genes Could Be the Key to Understanding Familial Breast Cancer Introduction Breast cancer is an uncontrollable division of cells within the breast tissue that affects about 12% of women in their lifetime. Cancer can be caused by sporadic mutations influenced by environment or by genetic disposition. Several genes play a role in cell division: Oncogenes are responsible for directing mitosis, and tumor suppression genes prevent the expression of genes involved in cell division. Mutations that occur in either gene can lead to carcinogenic tumor growth and immortal cell lines. BRCA1 and BRCA2 are tumor suppression genes known as caretakers that are responsible for maintaining the cell genome during cell†¦show more content†¦A quantitative allelic imbalance assay was developed to determine differences in gene expression from individual BRCA1/2 alleles. Allele-specific assays quantify gene expression specific to the allele being tested. For the BRCA1 gene, two individuals homozygous for the BRCA1-c.4308T/T or BRCA1-c.4308C/C polymorphism were tested. Complementary DNA (cDNA) was created from reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using RNAs extracted from blood lymphocytes. RT-PCR uses reverse transcriptase to form an RNA/cDNA heteroduplex that is then amplified by normal polymerase chain reaction techniques to produce a large quantity of cDNA. Ratios of the cDNA from the two alleles were mixed for use in real-time PCR (qPCR). qPCR uses fluorescent probes that anneal to the cDNA during PCR. These probes contain a reporter and a quencher; the reporter fluoresces when separated from the quencher, allowing a computer to measure the number of cycles needed for the fluorescence to exceed background levels (cycle threshold or CT). Using the ratios of cDNAs and ∆CT, a linear regression was computed to form an allelic expression standard curve that can be used to evaluate allelic imbalance. These same methods were repeated with BRCA2 with two individuals homozygous for the BRCA2-c.3396A/A or BRCA2-c.3396G/ G allele. The allelic imbalance assay developed was now used with specific single-nucleotide polymorphisms in BRCA1